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1/ @EricLengyel

@joonturbo

Rotations in 3D space have 3 degrees of freedom. This means they can be unambiguously represented by 3 numbers. Since a quaternion q corresponds to the same rotation as −q, we can always choose one with unit magnitude such that the scalar part (w) is positive. 1/2

2/ @EricLengyel

@joonturbo

Any rotation is then unambiguously represented by only the x, y, and z coordinates of the bivector part because these determine that value of the scalar part as w = sqrt(1 − x² − y² − z²).

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